Pulmonary function tests, also known as lung function tests, assess how efficiently your lungs inhale and exhale air. They may measure how well your lungs transfer oxygen to your blood depending on the tests used. PFTs (pulmonary function tests) are noninvasive tests that determine how well the lungs are working. The tests assess lung volume, capacity, flow rates, and gas exchange. This information can assist your healthcare provider in diagnosing and treating certain lung disorders.
There are two types of disorders that affect the flow of air into and out of the lungs: When airway resistance prevents air from leaving the lungs, it is said to be obstructed. This reduces the flow of air, and restrictive is when the lung tissue and/or chest muscles cannot expand sufficiently. Because of the lower lung volumes, this causes problems with air flow.
Here are the different types of pulmonary function tests:
Spirometry: This is a simple breathing test that measures how much air you inhale and exhale over time. It also computes the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled. The test entails taking normal and deep breaths as well as exhaling as hard as you can into a tube fitted with a sensor for measurement.
Lung Volumes: This test determines the amount of air in the lungs at various stages of the breathing cycle. It is done with a machine called a plethysmograph. During the test, you will be seated and asked to breathe in and out as well as pant. The test is especially useful in differentiating between restrictive lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis and obstructive lung diseases like asthma.
Oxygen Titration Test: This test is used to determine the need for oxygen as well as to ensure that patients who are already on oxygen at home are receiving the appropriate amount. A noninvasive device called an oximeter is used to measure oxygen saturation, and the heart rate is also recorded. The flow of oxygen is adjusted to maintain acceptable oxygen levels in the bloodstream, and a report is generated to validate the need for oxygen therapy.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: This is a test that determines your ability to exercise. In most cases, you will be asked to ride a stationary bicycle while we monitor your heart and lung function at rest, during a warm-up phase, during a brief period of exercise, and during "recovery" when you are not peddling. The test is extremely useful in determining the underlying causes of shortness of breath or decreased exercise tolerance. A treadmill can also be used for exercise testing.
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